登山醫學讀書會 "雷擊" 摘要與討論

Dear 各位夥伴: 登山醫學讀書會目前有十三位會腳, 初試啼聲第一篇 "雷擊" 已經讀完並討論, 現在貼上讀後摘要, 再以回覆貼上已有之討論, 如果還有進一步研討, 歡迎大家板上發言. 如有需要雷擊原文, 請 email 給我. ********* 雷擊讀後摘要 (by 文政) [關於雷擊一般常有的錯誤觀念] 1. 受到雷擊大多會當場死亡: 錯. 雷擊的立即死亡率估計在三成以下. 2. 雷擊立即死亡原因主要是燒灼傷: 錯. 雷擊立即死亡原因是呼吸心跳停止而未及時做心肺復甦術. 雷擊的燒灼傷常很輕微, 雷擊可能燒灼衣物, 但皮膚外觀常沒有嚴重傷害. 3. 如果受到雷擊沒有當場死亡, 那就沒事了: 錯. 雷擊過後常有嚴重而且部分可能是永久的後遺症, 例如: 週邊神經病變, 慢性疼痛, 記憶思考障礙, 憂鬱, 創傷後症候群等. 4. 雷雨(雪)暴來到頭上才尋找掩蔽: 錯. 雷雨區的邊緣比雷雨區的中心還危險. 雷雨即將來臨或剛剛開始時, 以及快要結束或剛剛結束時雷擊的機率最高. 落雷也可以沿水平方向延伸遠達十英里, 造成 "晴天霹靂". * "30-30 rule" : 從看到閃電到聽到雷聲若在 30 秒內, 就有雷擊危險. 在庇護處所躲避雷擊時, 必須在聽到最後雷聲過後至少 30 分鐘以上才可以離開庇護所恢復活動. * 閃電跟我們距離的估計: 從看到閃電到聽到雷聲每秒代表三百多公尺. 5. 在建築物內部就能免於雷擊: 錯. 在一般住家或辦公室內, 雷電可以在流經金屬管線時發生 "side flash" 而跳到人身上 (Side flash 後面有解釋). 因此雷暴時(在室內)打電話最好使用無線話機. 在野外的避難小屋內可能會危險, 尤其在超過森林界線的空曠山上. (沒裝避雷針的木屋更危險). 6. 剛剛受到雷擊的人身上還有殘留的電: 錯. 這錯誤想法會延誤心肺復甦術的急救時機而造成枉死. 受到雷擊的人不會再電人. 7. 雷擊傷害就跟高壓電觸電傷害一樣, 會有體內燒灼傷: 錯. 雷擊若有燒灼傷, 通常會在皮膚上而且不厲害, 而不是內臟, 因為內臟電阻極低, 皮膚電阻較高. 但有極少數例外: 偶而會有時間延續超過半秒鐘的雷擊, 稱作 long continuous current 或 hot lightning, 會造成人體深部燒灼傷或樹木起火. 8. 雷擊不會落在同一點兩次: 錯. 容易受到雷擊的地方有其特徵, 還會繼續吸引雷擊. 9. 穿膠鞋雨衣可防雷擊: 錯. 空氣是一種超絕緣體, 雷電連空氣都可穿透, 甭說是薄薄的膠鞋雨衣. 10. 雷電總是擊中最高點: 錯. 蓄勢待發中的雷電前緣會尋找 30-50 公尺內的目標, 這範圍內的突出物成為目標的機率大, 但像山巒或大樓可能高度超過雷電前緣甚多, 則擊中腰部也很常見. 11. 可以發生閃電而沒有雷聲: 錯. 雷聲很少能傳達超過十英里遠, 所以遠方的閃電聽不到雷聲還是有雷聲. [雷擊發生率] 1. 可能因為人口逐漸離開農村向都市集中, 近年雷擊死亡案件逐漸減少. 估計現在美國每年大約100人死於雷擊. (登山之雷擊機率應該沒有減少). 2. 發生閃電機會在夏季午後最多. 也有發生於冬季雪暴的. 冬季的雷電若發生常更激烈. 3. 陸地比海洋多. [避雷針] 1. 避雷針之功能是把已發生之雷擊電流導引至地下, 以避免或減少建築物之破壞以及建築物內人員傷亡. 避雷針並不會因尖端放電而減少雷擊. 2. 人員若靠近避雷針有可能在落雷時遭受 side flash. [雷電之物理] 1. 閃電之形成: (圖 3-9) a. 雷雨雲形成大量靜電, 通常近地端是負電, 遠地端是正電. 但冬季雪暴的近地端會是正電. b. 地面受到感應, 聚集與雷雨雲近地端相反電荷. c. 雲中電荷向地面流動, 稱作 downward leader. 這部分最亮且時間較長, 是肉眼看到的主要部分. d. 地面電荷向天空流動, 稱作 upward leader 或 upward streamer. e. 一旦地面與雲中電荷之移動克服空氣之高電阻, 互相接通, 空氣形成離子化通道, 電阻瞬間降至極低, 極大量電荷瞬間往地面灌注, 稱為 return stroke, 完成閃電過程. 這部分能量釋放最大但時間極短. 2. 閃電之寬度大約數公分. 溫度大約攝氏數千至數萬度. [雷擊之三種機轉] (重要!) 1. Direct hit: 人在空曠處或地形高點而沒有遮蔽時會發生直接命中. 2. Side flash 或稱 splash: 最常見. 閃電先擊中大樹, 建築物或其他較突出物件, 然後當電流往下流經躲在附近的人時, 突然跳到人身上. 為什麼會跳到人身上呢? 因為人體電阻比較低 (除了皮膚電阻稍高外, 體液充滿電解質, 電阻極低), 而電流會找電阻最低的路徑走. 爬山遇雷雨, 躲進同樣沒有避雷針的鐵皮屋會比木屋安全. 3. Ground current 或稱 step voltage, stride voltage: 閃電擊中突出目標時, 電流灌注到地面, 然後經土地擴散. 土地的電阻並不低, 因此大量電流經過時會有明顯電位降落. 這時若人或畜類在附近地面, 因人或畜類身體之電阻比地面低, 電流會從與地面接觸的一點流到身上, 再從與地面接觸的另一點回到地面. 流進與流出身體的兩點, 也就是與地面接觸的兩點, 相對於地面電流方向之距離越大則電位差越大, 也就是電壓越大. 所以躲雷時與地面接觸的兩點, 例如坐姿時的屁股與腳板間距離越小越好. [其他傷害發生機轉] 1. 震波鈍傷: 閃電擊中附近產生瞬間高溫的爆炸震波, 可能將人震飛, 內臟破裂或耳鼓膜破裂. 2. 碎片擊中. 3. 電流流經人體時引起劇烈肌肉收縮造成的傷害. 4. 衣物燃燒或高溫, 尤其金屬部分引起皮膚燙傷. 5. "Flashover" 是瞬間電流來不及穿透皮膚而從表面 "掠過" 的現象, 此現象會減低傷害. (文政問: 這現象的物理基礎我不太懂, 誰來解釋?) 6. 眼睛等五官是比皮膚電阻低的部分, 電流可從這些入口進入體內而經過腦幹脊髓與大血管心臟神經等. 這可解釋雷擊可傷及腦幹呼吸中樞造成較長時間不能恢復呼吸, 有些會有局部心肌壞死, 以及許多生還者有嚴重神經病變後遺症. [雷擊相關的磁的效應] 這方面不重要. [雷擊傷害程度分級] 1. 輕度: 傷患意識清楚, 血壓等生命徵象穩定, 但有可能曾有短暫意識障礙, 失憶現象可能數小時至數天, 可能暫時耳聾或失明, 通常無明顯燒灼傷, 但可能有皮膚感覺異常. 可能有肌肉疼痛, 也可能耳膜破裂. 傷患不一定知道自己遭受雷擊, 因雷擊那一瞬間失去意識, 不一定有看到閃電或聽到雷聲. 遲發性神經功能或心智認知功能異常可能恢復也可能永久無法完全恢復. 2. 中度: 傷患意識混亂或昏迷, 有心跳或可能曾經心跳停止又恢復, 但也有可能因為腦部呼吸中樞受損而停止呼吸時, 若未能及時人工呼吸, 心跳也會在後續因缺氧而停止. 常常有肢體麻痺無力, 尤其是下肢. 脈搏常顯得微弱或摸不到, 但血壓不一定低, 也有可能因為交感神經不穩造成厲害的動脈收縮, 使得脈搏不容易摸得到. 如果是真的血壓偏低, 必須小心查看是否有骨折或內臟鈍傷引起的內出血. 脊椎尤其頸椎骨折引起 "spinal shock" (因脊髓損傷引起交感神經中斷而血管擴張而血壓降低休克) 雖然罕見但也是一種可能. 耳鼓膜破裂若合併有中耳出血, 還須考慮顱骨底部骨折. 常會留下神經與精神方面的永久後遺症, 例如睡眠障礙, 躁動不安, 精細動作困難, 觸覺變異, 慢性疼痛, 倦怠, 交感神經異常, 創傷後症候群等等. 也曾有萎縮性脊髓性癱瘓之報告. 3. 重度: 一開始常心跳呼吸停止, 需及時心肺復甦術才可能活命. 心臟本身有不需外來指揮就能自主跳動的天生機制, 所以常能快速恢復心跳. 呼吸則依賴延髓的呼吸中樞, 而雷擊電流通過腦幹造成延髓損傷會需要較久的人工呼吸. 顱骨骨折導致中耳出血或耳道流出腦脊髓液的情形很常見. (以下跳過一些太醫學細節的或與前面重複的) [眼傷害] 雷擊有很高機率造成眼傷害, 大約 55%. 眼傷害之機轉可來自: 熱傷害, 電流, 強光, 震波等. 雷擊後數日就可發生白內障, 但也可遲至一兩年後. 角膜, 虹彩, 玻璃體, 網膜都可能受傷. 由於眼局部傷害或交感神經異常, 雷擊常有瞳孔放大或對光無反應, 不能作為腦幹損傷嚴重程度之判斷依據. [其他躲雷要點] (有些前面已經提及) 1. 氣象: 雷擊有季節性, 例如台灣的夏季午後與梅雨季, 安排登山行程應將氣象與雷擊危險列入考慮. 2. 全部金屬外殼的非敞篷汽車內是很安全的. 3. 野外木造避難小屋若無避雷針常常更增加雷擊危險. 4. 應遠離山頂稜線或空曠地形, 避開水體, 遠離孤立樹或大樹或其他比你高的物體. 遠離電線、水管、鋼纜、腳踏車、機車、金屬圍籬、營柱等金屬物體. 不要背有金屬架子突出身高以上的背包. 身上的小型金屬物品並不會增加雷擊機會, 但會在雷擊發生時變成高溫而可能局部燙傷皮膚. 拋棄身上不突出之金屬物件並不是迫切之事, 除非是為了減輕負重來快速奔跑離開雷擊高危險地區. 5. 低漥但無水的地方的草叢或低矮密灌叢中是相對安全之處所. 6. 墊個睡墊可有效減少地電流造成傷害機會. 坐姿的腳與屁股須靠近. 7. 多人團體在戶外躲雷時應散開, 人與人距離數公尺以上. 8. 山洞必須夠深, 雨水不會流進去的才能作為避難所. (請討論) ****************

**************** >> 5. "Flashover" >> 是瞬間電流來不及穿透皮膚而從表面 >> "掠過" 的現象, 此現象會減低傷害. >> (這現象的物理基礎我不太懂, 誰來解釋?) >> (阿佑答:) 文政提出的問題, 我來解釋一下. 書中提到被雷電到是電流驅動的, (雷電的電流隨著時間是由小變大.再變小), 人體在被雷擊的瞬間只有小電流通過, 並沒有感受高電壓, 而隨著電流變大, 身體也逐漸感受到高電壓, 而當此電壓值到達50萬伏特時, 便足以游離身旁帶水氣的空氣, 使空間多出雷電的新通道, 此時雷電便轉而從空間的新通道流過. flashover是瞬間小電流穿透皮膚.通過人體, 但稍後(其實也是極短的時間, 千萬分之三秒)的大電流從身旁掠過. *************** (文政問:) > 謝謝阿佑的解釋, 讓我茅塞頓開! > 原文中的電路圖模型有 "電容", 那就是因為皮膚的電容效應, 電容充電需要時間, > 使得極短瞬間的突然電流來不及突破皮膚進入體內, 而這時已經產生身旁空氣游離的新通道來解圍, 是這樣嗎? *************** (阿佑答:) 電容的性質是可以蓄電核, 但不能阻斷電流(電容的構造是有兩片平行的金屬板, 當一片金屬板充負電時, 會在另一片金屬板感應出正電, 同時由那另一片金屬板流出電子流, 也就是電流可以穿透電容). 只有當是直流的電, 且電容已充飽了, 才會阻斷電流. 皮膚有電容, 使得當雷電流過時, 在皮膚部份的電壓差升得慢, 但電流還是可以穿透頭部皮膚.流過人體驅幹.再從腳的皮膚出去. 由圖3-12右上角的曲線顯示: 當發生flashover時, 皮膚的電壓差V(AF)遠小於5千伏特, 對承受從頭到腳的50萬伏特電壓差V(AB)幾乎沒有貢獻. 而此時驅幹電流I(FH)達到800安培.(雷電的最大電流為5000安培). 所以flashover並不是雷電來不及進入身體,而是雷電的小電流(800安培)進入身體,而稍後的大電流(5000安培)從身邊掠過. 當然這些是電路的模型, 真正的情況似乎尚未清楚. 阿佑 *************** 謝謝阿佑. 嗯......原來我還是沒有 "茅塞頓開" ! 那.......電容為何會讓電壓差升得慢呢? 文政 *************** (阿佑答:) 電容蓄電在某些方面有點像是水庫蓄水, 電容大相當於水庫面積大, 所以在相同的電流充電條件下, 電容越大則電位差(或電壓差)增加的速度越慢. 不過水庫攔截水時, 也同時阻斷水流(如果水庫還沒充滿), 但電容攔截電荷時, 卻不阻斷電流(較精準的說是電荷並沒有 "直接" 流通過電容, 但透過電感應, 電流還是可以跨越空間, 繼續流動). 這個水庫與電容的差異, 與 "重力(萬有引力)只會相吸, 而電荷有正與負, 會相吸或相斥" 有關. 如果皮膚的電路模型只有電阻R, 則皮膚的電壓差V= IxR,　將即時反應電流的變化, 電流大則電壓差大. 而如果皮膚的電路模型有電阻R並聯電容C, 則短時間內, 電流將不　"直接" 流通皮膚, 正負電荷將堆在皮膚的兩端, 待皮膚的電壓差逐漸提高, 直接流過皮膚的電流才提高. 阿佑 **************** (一青:) 聽起來蠻複雜的. 請教這個對於傷害的嚴重程度有關聯否 謝謝 **************** (文政:) 這個 flashover 就是原文章中用來解釋為何雷擊常沒有嚴重燒灼傷, 與一般高壓電觸電有所不同的原因, 只是很讓我納悶為何雷電可以穿透空 氣這個 "超絕緣體" (文中用語 superinsulator) 而不大量穿透皮膚, 現經阿佑解釋後比較可以理解一點. **************** (心雅:) 最近在討論雷擊 熊熊想到江文里學長曾轉寄給優勝美地的同學們一張圖片 也順手轉寄一下 ㄟ....為什麼空中的靜電和地面產生感應的現象 整個頭髮就會直豎起來咧？ 如果看到類似畫面，就表示雷擊將至囉？ 心雅 > 必知常識，如果你還要保命的話!! > > 有位女子站在美國．加州美洲杉國家公園(Sequoia National Park)的觀景平台時，突然發現她的頭髮忽然豎立起來，當時周圍的遊客都覺 得很有趣，她的弟弟並為她拍下了這張照片。 > 這對姐弟離開五分鐘之後，閃電墼擊中觀景平台，造成一個人死亡，七個人受傷。 > 將來如你在野外遇到類以的狀況，請立即離開該地點，儘速往較低處移動，否則後果不堪設想。 > 註：這是空中的靜電和地面產生感應的現象喔，這表示天上的雲層已經累積非常多的電荷，且電壓已經到數百萬伏特囉。記得沒錯的話， 在空氣中要放電需要３萬多伏特，而雲層離那麼遠產生的感應效果還這麼強，可以得知雲層電壓之大。快閃人吧～～ ************ (心雅:) 手頭上剛好有兩篇關於美西山區雷擊的報導 是2005年8月中旬發生的事，也傳給大家做參考～ ^_^ 心雅 A killer bolting out of the blue When lightning strikes -- a random, capricious and far more likely occurrence than most people expect -- there's simply no good place to be outdoors. By Vernon Loeb LA Times Staff Writer August 16, 2005 FOR the Boy Scouts this summer, lightning struck twice. In late July, Scouts from St. Helena, Calif., were huddled beneath a tarp in Sequoia National Park during a sudden hail storm when a bolt of lightning hit their hastily strung shelter. A Scout and a leader were killed, and six others were injured. Five days later, Scouts from Salt Lake City climbed into sleeping bags in a corner of a three-sided log shelter in the midst of a thunderstorm in Utah's Uinta Mountains when lightning struck a nearby tree and then either flashed through the air or streaked through the ground into the structure, killing an Eagle Scout and injuring three others. While both troops mistakenly followed the understandable, if not natural, tendency to seek shelter from rain and hail — instead of protecting themselves against lightning — lightning safety experts say the twin tragedies underscore a basic truth: There is no safe place to be outdoors in a lightning storm. Compounding the problem is the fact that most people vastly underestimate the danger of lightning. Lightning kills 75 people a year on average in the United States and injures 500 to 700 more, making it more deadly than hurricanes or tornadoes and far more common than people imagine. In most parts of the country, lightning likely strikes the ground 4,000 to 6,000 times a year within 10 miles of recreation facilities such as golf courses, neighborhood swimming pools and rec centers. Lightning is "so random and arbitrary and capricious and unpredictable," said Richard Kithil Jr., head of the nonprofit National Lightning Safety Institute, that "there is an element where 100% of safety is impossible." On the day that members of Troop 7001 moved along the John Muir Trail on the seventh day of a nine-day hike to Mt. Whitney, the tallest peak in the continental United States, 416 lightning strikes had struck the ground within 15 miles of the mountain, according to data from ground sensors recorded by the National Lightning Detection Network run by Vaisala Inc. in Tucson. Although lightning had been flashing throughout the afternoon, the Scouts had encountered hardly any rain until they suddenly found themselves in a storm of pea-sized hail minutes before the lightning struck, said Alexandra Picavet, a ranger and spokeswoman for Sequoia National Park. Afterward, Picavet told Times reporters that "the only thing that they could have done differently was simply disperse a little bit more, but actually they did as well as they could do in the situation that they were in." Similarly, authorities in Utah told the Associated Press that Scouts from Troop 56 lay in the safest place possible, referring to the log shelter, open on one side, at Camp Steiner, the nation's highest-altitude Boy Scout camp, 60 miles east of Salt Lake. Ron Holle, a government meteorologist for 33 years who now works for Vaisala and is considered a leading expert on lightning safety, said both assessments were inaccurate, based on what he'd read of the incidents. Neither the tarp strung between trees in Sequoia National Park nor the open log shelter at Camp Steiner, he said, provided any protection from lightning. Both were near trees that actually might have attracted the lightning bolts. A textbook response would have been far different. "Assume the lightning position when at risk," says the National Outdoor Leadership School's "Backcountry Lightning Safety Guidelines." "This position includes squatting (or sitting) and balling up so you are as low as possible without getting prone. If you are concerned enough to assume the lightning position, you should have your group dispersed at least 50 feet apart to reduce the chances of multiple injuries." The Scouts lying on the ground inside the log shelter were in a particularly bad position because lightning follows all paths down and spreads out across the ground. About half of all lightning deaths and injuries occur when voltage comes up through a victim's feet. If you're lying down with the full length of your body touching the ground, it's even worse, Holle said, and if you're close to a tree, "we're talking about serious voltage." But Holle said that critiquing what the Scouts did or didn't do is pointless because nothing they could have done out in the open would have necessarily kept them safe. The safest response under such circumstances, he said, would have been to head down the mountain. Or, better yet, not be in the mountains at all that day. "My recommendation is — just as you don't go up on Mt. Whitney on the third of January in a raging snowstorm, you don't go up in raging thunderstorms at certain times of year," Holle said. "It really is a decision you have control over." He calculates the odds for an American being hit by lightning sometime in the course of an 80-year lifetime at about 1 in 3,000, with about 1 in 300 odds that a family member will be struck (assuming a family of 10), making lightning a far greater threat in the wild than a fatal shark attack, grizzly bear mauling or rattlesnake bite. Kurt Wedberg, who runs the guide service Sierra Mountaineering International, is aware of the odds. He teaches his clients to assume a lightning crouch on a foam sleeping pad in worst-case scenarios, and he agrees with Holle that the better course of action on some days is "adjusting your itinerary — and sometimes that means getting off a peak a little earlier." Wedberg recently left before sunrise with a group climbing Mt. Russell and reached the summit by 8 a.m. "We were down 4,000 feet or more by the time any significant clouds developed," he said. According to Michael P. Utley, a survivor of a lightning strike who now runs a nonprofit educational organization called Struckbylightning.org, the Boy Scouts hiking in California and Utah made some mistakes when they got hit by lightning, but it's not clear whether anything could have protected them. Arguing they shouldn't have been there misses the point: When else but summer are Boy Scouts supposed to take their nine-day hike to Mt. Whitney? "Basically, it comes down to this: 95% of the time, we are in running distance to a house or a car," he said of the two safest places to be. "The 5% of the time we are out camping like the Boy Scouts, lightning is like a snake bite or a bear. It is a risk of nature." Better to teach CPR — "because everybody who dies from a lightning strike dies from cardiac arrest" — than second-guess Boy Scouts in a hailstorm huddled under a tarp, where human nature took them, Utley said. "If I was in the middle of a lightning and thunderstorm," he said, "I probably would have been there, too." ----------------------- Staying relatively safe If you hear thunder and can't get to shelter, head for lower ground ASAP. Worst case? Assume the 'lightning desperation position.' Vernon Loeb LA Times Staff Writer August 16, 2005 IF you are in the backcountry or the mountains and cannot seek shelter in an enclosed structure or a vehicle, you should immediately head for lower, safer terrain as soon as thunderclouds begin forming, or you hear thunder. If you can hear thunder, you are close enough to be hit by lightning. A basic tenet of lightning safety is the "30/30 Rule": When you see lightning, count out loud until you hear thunder. If it takes 30 seconds or less, seek shelter and stay there for 30 minutes after seeing the last lightning bolt or hearing the last roar of thunder. The highest objects attract lightning. High, pointed terrain is the worst place to be. Standing on a ridgeline, you are the highest object. On a mountain, immediately move below the tree line, descending on the side without clouds over it, if possible, because most lightning strikes directly below a cumulonimbus cloud. Avoid open spaces that are more than 300 feet wide, and stay away from lone trees. You are hundreds of times safer in a forest than you are standing next to a tree in an open field. Objects twice as tall are hit four times as often. If you see lightning, stop moving to safer terrain and assume what the National Weather Service calls the "lightning desperation position" — crouched down, shoes touching, resting on the balls of your feet to minimize exposure to the ground, with your chin on your chest and your hands covering your ears so that the crack of the lightning strike doesn't damage your eardrums. Members of a group should stay 50 feet apart to avoid multiple injuries. Do not lie on the ground. Stay away from so-called long conductors such as metal fences, power lines, handrails, bridges and other metal objects. Wet ropes are also excellent conductors and should be avoided. Empty your pockets of metal and remove belt buckles and jewelry, which will not attract lightning but will, if you are hit, heat up and cause severe burns. On the water, boaters should head for the shoreline and seek protection as soon as they hear thunder. Boats with cabins can offer protection if you cannot get off the water. In the cabin of a boat, avoid metal objects and electrical components, including the radio. Scuba divers on boats that do not have cabins are safer diving into deep water for the duration of a storm than they are staying on the boat. The largest single category of lightning fatalities takes place on, in or near water while people are boating, swimming or recreating. Another large category is people seeking shelter under trees, about a third of whom are golfers. — Vernon Loeb *********************** (阿佑:) 這兩年有看到一些報導, 說打雷時在戶外使用手機, 可能會增加被雷擊的機會. (手機會發射電磁波, 可能游離身旁潮溼的空氣, 產生電通道) *** (文政:) 這本野外醫學出版於2001年, 而雷擊這一章所引用文獻最晚是2000年, 所以大概寫於2000-2001年之間, 那時可能還沒有在戶外打手機遭受雷擊 之報導. 印象中有網路新聞中國湖南有人用手機時受雷擊, 用GOOGLE搜尋一下手機, 雷擊確實可找到相關討論. 我的意見是這樣的: 有雷電活動時, 在戶外站立或行走本來就有雷擊的危險, 是否跟打手機有關也許還需更多實驗證據, 網路上查到的似乎正反意見都有. 原文這裡本意是, 如果在一般家中或辦公室內不要用有線電話, 應改用無線話機. 是特別講室內的. **************************

有沒有人聽過台灣有登山者應雷擊受傷或喪命?

最近的一次似乎是發生於2005年5月, 地點是雪山北峰, 有一位登山經驗豐富的女山友(全國登錄第卅八位登完百岳女性)被雷擊而喪生. 新聞報導是這樣: "不料六日上午九點在雪山北峰拍照時，遭逢大雷雨，當時無處可躲避，可能手上的照相機有金屬導電而被擊中，當場身亡。" http://www.keepon.com.tw/ActiveSite/Message/One.asp?MessageID=23645&Process=Group 印象裏, 三.四年前也有一次發生在郊山, 有山友在涼亭裏躲雷雨時被雷擊而喪生. (最近去草嶺古道, 發現這一帶稜線上的幾座涼亭都有裝避雷針, 被雷擊的機率降低)

雪山北峰雷擊事件在登山補給站山難欄也可找到: http://www.keepon.com.tw/ActiveSite/Article/One.asp?ArticleID=12103